A surgeon can use intestinal tissue to reconstruct the bladder or surrounding tubes.Ĭhemotherapy uses drugs to target and kill cancer cells or to shrink tumors and allow a surgeon to use a less invasive procedure.Ĭhemotherapy can also treat cancer before or after surgery. Reconstructive surgery: Undergoing this procedure after a cystectomy can help provide a new way for the body to store and remove urine.Cystectomy: If the cancer is larger or has spread deeper into the bladder, a surgeon can perform a cystectomy, removing the whole bladder or just the cancerous tissue.They also burn away any remaining cancerous cells. They will insert a cutting tool into the bladder to remove small tumors and abnormal tissue. A transurethral resection (TUR): A surgeon can treat stage 0 and 1 bladder cancer using this method.Surgical options are available for all stages of the condition: Treatment will depend on several factors, including: The main forms of treatment for bladder cancer include one or several of the following: Sarcoma: This is a rare type of bladder cancer that originates in the muscle cells of the bladder.This type often grows quickly and requires treatment with chemotherapy. It starts in the nerve-like cells called neuroendocrine cells. Small cell carcinoma: Fewer than 1% of bladder cancers are small cell carcinomas.Most bladder adenocarcinomas are invasive. It occurs in the cells of the bladder glands that secrete mucus. Adenocarcinoma: About 1% of bladder cancers are adenocarcinomas.It occurs in the thin, flat cells on the surface of bladder tissue. Squamous cell carcinoma: This type constitutes about 1–2% of bladder cancers.Several other types of cancer can start in the bladder, including: TCCs can be invasive or noninvasive, depending on whether or not they spread into the lamina propria or muscle layer. These cells also line other parts of the urinary tract, so TCC can also affect the lining of the kidneys and the ureters.Īnyone with a diagnosis of TCC will usually undergo an assessment of the whole urinary tract. This type of bladder cancer starts in the cells that line the inside of the bladder. TCC is also known as urothelial carcinoma. Figure 17.Share on Pinterest The most common type of bladder cancer is TCC. For example, "carcinoma of the stomach and small intestine" should be assigned to C26.8, overlapping lesion of digestive system. Figure 17 lists the subcategories that overlap sites in body systems. Sometimes a neoplasm may involve two or more sites represented by two or more three-character categories within certain systems. On the other hand, "carcinoma of the tip of the tongue extending to involve the ventral surface" should be coded to C02.1, as the point of origin, the tip, is known. For example, " carcinoma of esophagus and stomach" is specifically indexed to C16.0 ( cardia), while "carcinoma of the tip and ventral surface of the tongue" should be assigned to C02.8. The coder may wish to consult anatomical texts to determine the topographic relationships. While numerically consecutive subcategories are frequently anatomically contiguous, this is not invariably so (for example bladder, C67). "Overlapping" implies that the sites involved are contiguous (next to each other). 8, "overlapping lesion," unless the combination is specifically indexed elsewhere. A single neoplasm that overlaps two or more contiguous sites within a three-character category and whose point of origin cannot be determined should be coded to the subcategory. Many three-character rubrics are further divided into named parts or subcategories of the organ in question. Use subcategory ".8" when a tumor overlaps the boundaries of two or more categories or subcategories and its point of origin cannot be determined.Ĭategories C00-C76 classify primary malignant neoplasms according to their organ or tissue of origin. Acknowledgements Malignant Neoplasm Overlapping Site Boundaries